/* Global Styles */
:root {
    --primary-color: #2c62e1;
    --secondary-color: #3a4a66;
    --accent-color: #e63946;
    --light-color: #f8f9fa;
    --dark-color: #212529;
    --gray-color: #6c757d;
    --border-radius: 8px;
    --box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    --transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* Performance optimizations */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

body {
    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--dark-color);
    background-color: #f5f7fa;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

/* Improve text rendering */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

/* Optimize image loading */
img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

/* Lazy loading optimization */
img[loading="lazy"] {
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.3s;
}

img[loading="lazy"].loaded {
    opacity: 1;
}

a {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

a:hover {
    color: #1a4ad3;
}

.btn {
    padding: 0.625rem 1.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.btn-primary {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background-color: #1a4ad3;
    border-color: #1a4ad3;
}

.btn-outline-primary {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.btn-outline-primary:hover {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
}

.btn-outline-light {
    color: white;
    border-color: white;
}

.btn-outline-light:hover {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    color: white;
}

.section-header {
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.section-header h2 {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 15px;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.section-header h2::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 80px;
    height: 3px;
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
}

section {
    padding: 5rem 0;
}

/* Navbar Styles */
.navbar {
    padding: 1rem 0;
    transition: var(--transition);
    background-color: white;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.navbar.scrolled {
    background-color: white;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.navbar-brand {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.kq-logo {
    height: 40px;
    width: auto;
    margin-right: 8px;
    vertical-align: middle;
    display: inline-block;
}

.site-title {
    color: var(--dark-color);
}

.site-acronym {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link {
    color: var(--dark-color);
    font-weight: 500;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,
.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:focus {
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.dropdown-menu {
    border: none;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
}

.dropdown-item {
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.dropdown-item:hover {
    background-color: rgba(44, 98, 225, 0.08);
}

/* Hero Banner Section */
.hero-banner {
    position: relative;
    background-size: cover;
    background-position: center;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-attachment: fixed;
    min-height: 500px;
    height: 42.5vh;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    color: white;
    margin-top: 0;
    padding-top: 120px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: rgba(23, 37, 84, 0.75);
    z-index: 1;
}

.hero-banner .container {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    padding: 2rem 15px;
}

.hero-content-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 70%;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 10;
}

.journal-logo-container {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    margin-right: 2rem;
    padding: 0;
    background-color: transparent;
    border-radius: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 20;
}

.journal-logo {
    width: 280px;
    height: auto;
    max-width: 280px;
    display: block;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 25;
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    outline: none;
}

.hero-content {
    flex-grow: 1;
    max-width: 500px;
    text-align: left;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.hero-content h1 {
    font-size: 2.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.5px;
    text-align: left;
    color: white;
    text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.7);
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.hero-content p {
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    opacity: 0.95;
    text-align: left;
    color: white;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.7);
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.hero-buttons {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.hero-buttons .btn {
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: 8px;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    min-width: 140px;
    text-align: center;
}

.hero-buttons .btn-primary {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(44, 98, 225, 0.3);
}

.hero-buttons .btn-primary:hover {
    background-color: #1a4ad3;
    border-color: #1a4ad3;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(44, 98, 225, 0.4);
}

.hero-buttons .btn-outline-light {
    color: white;
    border-color: white;
    border-width: 2px;
}

.hero-buttons .btn-outline-light:hover {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    color: white;
    border-color: white;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Journal Cover and ISSN - Right Side */
.journal-cover {
    position: absolute;
    right: 2rem;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    z-index: 3;
    width: 200px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.cover-image {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 200px;
    height: auto;
    border: 4px solid white;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
    display: block;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.journal-issn {
    position: absolute;
    right: 2rem;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(120px);
    z-index: 15;
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: white;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.8);
    text-align: center;
    background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
    padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    white-space: nowrap;
    min-width: fit-content;
    width: 200px;
}

/* Latest Issue Styles */
.latest-issue {
    background-color: white;
}

.article-card {
    background-color: white;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    height: 100%;
    transition: var(--transition);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.article-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.category-tag {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
    padding: 0.3rem 1rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-bottom-left-radius: var(--border-radius);
}

.article-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.authors {
    color: var(--gray-color);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.abstract {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.read-more {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.read-more i {
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.read-more:hover i {
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

/* Journal Information Section Styles */
.journal-info {
    background-color: #f5f5f5;
    padding: 40px 0;
}

.journal-about h2,
.article-publishing h2 {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    color: #333;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.journal-about p {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    color: #444;
}

.journal-about strong {
    font-weight: 600;
}

.journal-about a {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.view-more {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    font-weight: 500;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.view-more:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.article-publishing {
    background-color: #fff;
    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

.article-publishing h2 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.article-publishing h3 {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #333;
}

.article-publishing p {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    color: #444;
}

.price {
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.link-with-arrow {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    text-decoration: none;
    position: relative;
    padding-right: 16px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.link-with-arrow::after {
    content: '→';
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    top: 0;
}

.link-policy {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.link-with-arrow:hover,
.link-policy:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Journal Metrics Styles */
.journal-metrics {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    padding: 20px 0;
}

.metrics-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.metric-item {
    flex: 1;
    padding: 0 15px;
    border-right: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
}

.metric-item:last-of-type {
    border-right: none;
}

.metric-value {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #333;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.metric-value i {
    color: #999;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-left: 5px;
}

.metric-label {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #666;
}

.view-insights {
    margin-left: 20px;
}

.btn-insights {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    padding: 8px 15px;
    border-radius: 0;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.btn-insights i {
    margin-right: 5px;
}

.btn-insights:hover {
    background-color: #1a4ad3;
    color: white;
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .metrics-container {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
    
    .metric-item {
        flex: 0 0 50%;
        margin-bottom: 15px;
        border-right: none;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    .metric-item {
        flex: 0 0 100%;
    }
    
    .view-insights {
        margin-left: 0;
        margin-top: 15px;
        width: 100%;
    }
}

/* Call for Papers Styles */
.call-for-papers {
    background-color: white;
    color: var(--dark-color);
}

.call-for-papers-content {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 3rem;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
}

.call-for-papers h2 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--dark-color);
}

.call-for-papers h3 {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.call-for-papers p {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

/* Editorial Board Styles */
.editorial-board {
    background-color: white;
}

.editor-card {
    text-align: center;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.editor-image {
    width: 130px;
    height: 130px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin: 0 auto 1.5rem;
    border: 4px solid rgba(44, 98, 225, 0.1);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.editor-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.editor-card:hover .editor-image {
    border-color: rgba(44, 98, 225, 0.3);
}

.editor-card h4 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.editor-role {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.editor-affiliation {
    color: var(--gray-color);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}

/* Newsletter Styles */
.newsletter {
    background-color: #eef2f7;
}

.newsletter h2 {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.newsletter p {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    max-width: 400px;
}

.newsletter-form .input-group {
    box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.newsletter-form .form-control {
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    border: none;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.newsletter-form .form-control:focus {
    box-shadow: none;
}

.newsletter-form .btn {
    padding: 0.75rem 2rem;
}

/* Footer Styles */
footer {
    background-color: white;
    color: var(--dark-color);
    padding: 4rem 0 2rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #eaeaea;
}

footer h3 {
    color: var(--dark-color);
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

footer h3:after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 50px;
    height: 2px;
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
}

footer p {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.social-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.social-links a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background-color: #f0f2f5;
    color: var(--dark-color);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.social-links a:hover {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.footer-links {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.footer-links li {
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.footer-links a {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.footer-links a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    padding-left: 5px;
}

footer .fas {
    margin-right: 0.5rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.copyright {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 3rem;
    padding-top: 2rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #eaeaea;
    color: var(--gray-color);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

/* ===== ACCESSIBILITY IMPROVEMENTS ===== */

/* Enhanced Focus Styles for Better Keyboard Navigation */
*:focus {
    outline: 3px solid #005fcc !important;
    outline-offset: 2px !important;
}

a:focus, button:focus, input:focus, textarea:focus, select:focus {
    outline: 3px solid #005fcc !important;
    outline-offset: 2px !important;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(0, 95, 204, 0.2) !important;
}

/* High Contrast Button Focus */
.btn:focus {
    outline: 3px solid #ffffff !important;
    outline-offset: 2px !important;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px #005fcc, 0 0 0 4px rgba(0, 95, 204, 0.3) !important;
}

/* Skip to Content Link for Screen Readers */
.skip-link {
    position: absolute;
    top: -40px;
    left: 6px;
    background: #000;
    color: #fff;
    padding: 8px;
    text-decoration: none;
    z-index: 10000;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.skip-link:focus {
    top: 6px;
}

/* Improve Link Contrast and Distinguishability */
a {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

a:hover {
    color: #1a4ad3;
}

/* Better Button Contrast */
.btn-primary {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background-color: #1a4ad3;
    border-color: #1a4ad3;
}

.btn-outline-light {
    color: white;
    border-color: white;
}

.btn-outline-light:hover {
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    color: white;
}



/* Hero Section Text Contrast */
.hero-content h1 {
    color: #ffffff !important;
    text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) !important;
}

.hero-content p {
    color: #ffffff !important;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) !important;
}

/* Navigation Contrast */
.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link {
    color: #000000 !important;
}

.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,
.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:focus {
    color: var(--primary-color) !important;
    background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05) !important;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

/* Social Links Accessibility */
.social-links a {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: #ffffff;
    min-width: 44px !important; /* Minimum touch target size */
    min-height: 44px !important;
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;
}

.social-links a:hover,
.social-links a:focus {
    background-color: #1a4ad3;
    color: #ffffff;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Form Element Accessibility */
.form-control:focus {
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(44, 98, 225, 0.25);
}

/* Ensure Sufficient Color Contrast for All Interactive Elements */
.dropdown-item:hover,
.dropdown-item:focus {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* Screen Reader Only Content */
.sr-only {
    position: absolute !important;
    width: 1px !important;
    height: 1px !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    margin: -1px !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0) !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
    border: 0 !important;
}

/* High Contrast Mode Support */
@media (prefers-contrast: high) {
    * {
        border-color: #000000 !important;
    }
    
    a {
        color: #0000ff !important;
        text-decoration: underline !important;
    }
    
    .btn-primary {
        background-color: #000000 !important;
        color: #ffffff !important;
        border: 2px solid #ffffff !important;
    }
}

/* Reduced Motion Support */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        scroll-behavior: auto !important;
    }
}

/* ===== END ACCESSIBILITY IMPROVEMENTS ===== */

/* Responsive Styles */
@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .hero-content-wrapper {
        max-width: 75%;
    }
    
    .journal-logo {
        width: 250px;
        max-width: 250px;
    }
    
    .journal-cover {
        width: 180px;
        right: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .cover-image {
        max-width: 180px;
    }
    
    .journal-issn {
        right: 1.5rem;
        width: 180px;
        transform: translateY(110px);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .hero-banner {
        min-height: 450px;
        height: 450px;
        padding-top: 100px;
        background-attachment: scroll;
    }
    
    .hero-content-wrapper {
        max-width: 65%;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .journal-logo-container {
        margin-right: 0;
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }
    
    .journal-logo {
        width: 220px;
        max-width: 220px;
    }
    
    .hero-content h1 {
        font-size: 1.9rem;
    }
    
    .hero-content p {
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }
    
    .journal-cover {
        width: 160px;
        right: 1rem;
    }
    
    .cover-image {
        max-width: 160px;
    }
    
    .journal-issn {
        right: 1rem;
        width: 160px;
        transform: translateY(100px);
        font-size: 0.9rem;
        padding: 0.35rem 0.7rem;
    }
    
    section {
        padding: 4rem 0;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    .hero-banner {
        min-height: 400px;
        height: 400px;
        padding-top: 80px;
        background-attachment: scroll;
    }
    
    .hero-banner .container {
        padding: 1rem 15px;
    }
    
    .hero-content-wrapper {
        max-width: 100%;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .journal-logo-container {
        margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    }
    
    .journal-logo {
        width: 180px;
        max-width: 180px;
    }
    
    .hero-content {
        text-align: center;
        max-width: 100%;
    }
    
    .hero-content h1 {
        font-size: 1.6rem;
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .hero-content p {
        font-size: 0.9rem;
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .hero-buttons {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 0.75rem;
        align-items: center;
        margin-top: 1rem;
    }
    
    .hero-buttons .btn {
        min-width: 180px;
        padding: 0.7rem 1.2rem;
    }
    
    .journal-cover {
        display: none;
    }
    
    .journal-issn {
        bottom: 1rem;
        right: 1rem;
        top: auto;
        transform: none;
        width: auto;
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        padding: 0.3rem 0.6rem;
        z-index: 15;
    }
    
    section {
        padding: 3rem 0;
    }
    
    .metric-value {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }
    
    .editor-image {
        width: 100px;
        height: 100px;
    }
    
    .newsletter .row > div:first-child {
        margin-bottom: 2rem;
    }
    
    footer .col-md-4:not(:last-child) {
        margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .hero-banner {
        min-height: 350px;
        height: 350px;
        padding-top: 70px;
    }
    
    .journal-logo {
        width: 160px;
        max-width: 160px;
    }
    
    .hero-content h1 {
        font-size: 1.4rem;
        line-height: 1.3;
    }
    
    .hero-content p {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
    }
    
    .hero-buttons .btn {
        min-width: 160px;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
        padding: 0.6rem 1rem;
    }
}

/* Extra Small Devices (landscape phones, 480px and down) */
@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .journal-issn {
        bottom: 0.8rem;
        right: 0.8rem;
        top: auto;
        transform: none;
        width: auto;
        font-size: 0.8rem;
        padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
        border-radius: 4px;
    }
}

/* Secondary Navigation Styles */
.secondary-nav {
    background-color: #fff;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    padding: 15px 0;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.journal-nav {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    align-items: center;
    height: 100%;
}

.journal-nav-item {
    margin-right: 30px;
    position: relative;
}

.journal-nav-item a {
    color: #333;
    font-weight: 500;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 1rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 15px 0;
}

.journal-nav-item a i {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    margin-left: 5px;
}

.journal-nav-item a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.journal-nav-item .dropdown-menu {
    padding: 0;
    margin-top: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    min-width: 250px;
}

.journal-nav-item .dropdown-item {
    padding: 12px 20px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f2f2f2;
}

.journal-nav-item .dropdown-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.journal-nav-item .dropdown-divider {
    margin: 0;
}

.journal-nav-item .dropdown-item i {
    float: right;
    margin-top: 4px;
}

.journal-actions {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    align-items: center;
    margin-top: 5px;
}

.journal-search {
    margin-right: 20px;
    position: relative;
}

.journal-search .input-group {
    width: 250px;
}

.journal-search .form-control {
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    height: 38px;
}

.journal-search .input-group-text {
    color: #666;
    background-color: #fff;
    border-color: #ced4da;
}

.author-links {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.submit-link, .guide-link {
    margin-left: 20px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #333;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.submit-link {
    color: var(--primary-color);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.submit-link i {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    margin-left: 3px;
}

.guide-link {
    color: #666;
}

.submit-link:hover, .guide-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .journal-actions {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }
    
    .journal-search {
        margin-bottom: 15px;
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .journal-search .input-group {
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .author-links {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }
    
    .submit-link, .guide-link {
        margin-left: 0;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    .secondary-nav .row {
        flex-direction: column;
    }
    
    .journal-nav {
        margin-bottom: 20px;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
    
    .journal-nav-item {
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }
}

/* Additional Responsive Adjustments for Journal Cover (These rules are now integrated above) */
/* The journal cover styles have been moved to the main responsive section for better organization */

/* Enhanced Dropdown Functionality */
.dropdown-toggle::after {
    display: none; /* Hide default Bootstrap dropdown arrow */
}

.journal-nav-item.dropdown .dropdown-menu {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 250px;
    background-color: #fff;
    border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    border-radius: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.journal-nav-item.dropdown.show .dropdown-menu,
.journal-nav-item.dropdown .dropdown-menu.show {
    display: block;
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.journal-nav-item.dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {
    display: block;
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Ensure dropdown toggle cursor is pointer */
.dropdown-toggle {
    cursor: pointer;
    user-select: none;
}

/* Fix z-index issues */
.secondary-nav {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 999;
}

.journal-nav {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1000;
}

/* Mobile dropdown adjustments */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .journal-nav-item.dropdown .dropdown-menu {
        position: static;
        width: 100%;
        box-shadow: none;
        border: none;
        border-top: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
    }
}